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    Effluent treatment for leather goods manufacturing refers to the process of cleaning and treating wastewater produced during leather processing before it is released into the environment. Leather industries generate wastewater that contains chemicals, dyes, salts, fats, and heavy metals such as chromium, which can cause serious pollution if discharged untreated.
    Sources of Effluent in Leather Processing
    Wastewater mainly comes from these stages of leather production:
    1. Soaking – removal of dirt, blood, and salt from raw hides.
    2. Liming and dehairing – chemicals used to remove hair and fats.
    3. Deliming and bating – enzymes and chemicals used to soften hides.
    4. Pickling and tanning – acids and chromium salts used to preserve leather.
    5. Dyeing and finishing – dyes, oils, and finishing chemicals applied to leather goods.
    Composition of Leather Effluent
    Typical pollutants in leather industry wastewater include:
    • High Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
    • High Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
    • Suspended solids
    • Sulphides and ammonia
    • Chromium salts
    • Dyes and organic chemicals

Available courses

leather goods manufacture

Course Summary: Leather Goods Manufacture

This course introduces trainees to the fundamentals of leather goods manufacture, covering the processes, tools, materials, and techniques used to produce quality leather products. Trainees gain practical skills in leather selection, pattern making, cutting, stitching, finishing, and quality control. Emphasis is placed on workshop safety, sustainability, craftsmanship, and basic entrepreneurship, preparing trainees for employment, self-reliance, or further training in the leather industry.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course, learners will be able to:

  1. Identify different types of leather, tools, and equipment used in leather goods manufacture.

  2. Apply safe working practices and proper handling of tools and materials.

  3. Prepare patterns and cut leather accurately according to design specifications.

  4. Assemble and stitch leather components using hand and basic machine techniques.

  5. Finish and decorate leather products to meet quality standards.

  6. Inspect and evaluate finished leather goods for defects and durability

Sample Interactive Learning Activities

  • Leather Identification Lab
    Trainees  examine and compare samples of genuine leather, synthetic leather, and hides to identify characteristics and uses.

  • Tool Handling Demonstration & Practice
    Guided hands-on sessions where learners practice cutting, punching, stitching, and edge finishing techniques.

  • Pattern-Making Workshop
    Trainees design and create simple patterns for items such as wallets, belts, or key holders.

  • Group Production Project
    Small groups collaborate to manufacture a complete leather product from start to finish.

  • Peer Review & Product Evaluation
    Trainees assess each other’s finished products using a quality checklist.

  • Mini Entrepreneurship Activity
    trainees calculate production costs, set prices, and present a simple sales pitch for their leather products.

CARRY OUT PRE-TANNING AND TANNING PROCESSES

This course provides trainees with the knowledge and practical skills required in the preparation and conversion of raw hides and skins into leather through pre-tanning and tanning operations. The course covers the sequence of beamhouse processes including sorting, trimming, soaking, liming, fleshing, dehairing, deliming, bating, and pickling. Trainees learn the purpose, procedures, equipment, chemicals, and safety precautions associated with each operation.

The course further introduces tanning technologies used in the leather industry, with emphasis on chrome tanning, vegetable tanning, and alternative tanning methods. Trainees develop competencies in preparing tanning materials, carrying out tanning processes, monitoring process parameters, assessing leather quality, and applying environmental and occupational health and safety requirements.

Upon successful completion of the course, trainees will be able to perform pre-tanning and tanning operations, handle tanning chemicals safely, maintain process quality standards, and contribute effectively to leather manufacturing and processing industries.

EFFLUENT TREATMENT IN LEATHER TECHNOLOGY

Effluent treatment for leather goods manufacturing refers to the process of cleaning and treating wastewater produced during leather processing before it is released into the environment. Leather industries generate wastewater that contains chemicals, dyes, salts, fats, and heavy metals such as chromium, which can cause serious pollution if discharged untreated.

Sources of Effluent in Leather Processing

Wastewater mainly comes from these stages of leather production:

  1. Soaking – removal of dirt, blood, and salt from raw hides.

  2. Liming and dehairing – chemicals used to remove hair and fats.

  3. Deliming and bating – enzymes and chemicals used to soften hides.

  4. Pickling and tanning – acids and chromium salts used to preserve leather.

  5. Dyeing and finishing – dyes, oils, and finishing chemicals applied to leather goods.

Composition of Leather Effluent

Typical pollutants in leather industry wastewater include:

  • High Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

  • High Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

  • Suspended solids

  • Sulphides and ammonia

  • Chromium salts

  • Dyes and organic chemicals